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CUSIP NO.   87611R306                  13D                   PAGE 1 OF 22 PAGES
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                                  UNITED STATES
                       SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
                             WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549


                                  SCHEDULE 13D


                    UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
                               (AMENDMENT NO.  )*


                                 Targacept, Inc.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                (Name of Issuer)


                     Common Stock, $.001 par value per share
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (Title of Class of Securities)


                                    87611R306
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                 (CUSIP Number)

                              Louis S. Citron, Esq.
                            New Enterprise Associates
                    1119 St. Paul Street, Baltimore, MD 21202
                                 (410)246-2927
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  (Name, Address and Telephone Number of Person
                Authorized to Receive Notices and Communications)

                                January 17, 2008
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             (Date of Event which Requires Filing of this Statement)

If the filing person has previously filed a statement on Schedule 13G to report
the acquisition that is the subject of this Schedule 13D, and is filing this
schedule because of ss.ss.240.13d-1(e), 240.13d-1(f) or 240.13d-1(g), check the
following box. [_]

NOTE: Schedules filed in paper format shall include a signed original and five
copies of the schedule, including all exhibits. See ss.240.13d-7 for other
parties to whom copies are to be sent.

*The remainder of this cover page shall be filled out for a reporting person's
initial filing on this form with respect to the subject class of securities, and
for any subsequent amendment containing information which would alter
disclosures provided in a prior cover page.

The information required on the remainder of this cover page shall not be deemed
to be "filed" for the purpose of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 ("Act") or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section of the Act
but shall be subject to all other provisions of the Act (however, see the
Notes).

PERSONS WHO RESPOND TO THE COLLECTION OF INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS FORM ARE
 NOT REQUIRED TO RESPOND UNLESS THE FORM DISPLAYS A CURRENTLY VALID OMB CONTROL
                                    NUMBER.
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                               Page 1 of 22 pages

===================== =================== CUSIP NO. 87611R306 13D PAGE 2 OF 22 PAGES ===================== =================== ================================================================================ 1 NAMES OF REPORTING PERSONS. I.R.S. IDENTIFICATION NOS. OF ABOVE PERSONS (ENTITIES ONLY). New Enterprise Associates 10, Limited Partnership - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 CHECK THE APPROPRIATE BOX IF A MEMBER OF A GROUP (SEE INSTRUCTIONS)(a)[_] (b)[_] - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 SEC USE ONLY - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 SOURCE OF FUNDS (SEE INSTRUCTIONS) WC - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 CHECK IF DISCLOSURE OF LEGAL PROCEEDINGS IS REQUIRED PURSUANT TO ITEMS 2(d) or 2(e) [_] - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 CITIZENSHIP OR PLACE OF ORGANIZATION Delaware Limited Partnership - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 SOLE VOTING POWER 0 shares ----- -------------------------------------------------------- NUMBER OF 8 SHARED VOTING POWER SHARES BENEFICIALLY 4,569,845 shares OWNED BY ----- -------------------------------------------------------- EACH 9 SOLE DISPOSITIVE POWER REPORTING PERSON 0 shares WITH ----- -------------------------------------------------------- 10 SHARED DISPOSITIVE POWER 4,569,845 shares - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 AGGREGATE AMOUNT BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY EACH REPORTING PERSON 4,569,845 shares - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 CHECK IF THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT IN ROW (11) EXCLUDES CERTAIN SHARES (SEE INSTRUCTIONS) [_] - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13 PERCENT OF CLASS REPRESENTED BY AMOUNT IN ROW (11) 18.8% - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 TYPE OF REPORTING PERSON (SEE INSTRUCTIONS) PN ================================================================================ Page 2 of 22 pages

===================== =================== CUSIP NO. 87611R306 13D PAGE 3 OF 22 PAGES ===================== =================== ================================================================================ 1 NAMES OF REPORTING PERSONS. I.R.S. IDENTIFICATION NOS. OF ABOVE PERSONS (ENTITIES ONLY). NEA Partners 10, Limited Partnership - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 CHECK THE APPROPRIATE BOX IF A MEMBER OF A GROUP (SEE INSTRUCTIONS)(a)[_] (b)[_] - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 SEC USE ONLY - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 SOURCE OF FUNDS (SEE INSTRUCTIONS) AF - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 CHECK IF DISCLOSURE OF LEGAL PROCEEDINGS IS REQUIRED PURSUANT TO ITEMS 2(d) or 2(e) [_] - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 CITIZENSHIP OR PLACE OF ORGANIZATION Delaware Limited Partnership - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 SOLE VOTING POWER 0 shares ----- -------------------------------------------------------- NUMBER OF 8 SHARED VOTING POWER SHARES BENEFICIALLY 4,569,845 shares OWNED BY ----- -------------------------------------------------------- EACH 9 SOLE DISPOSITIVE POWER REPORTING PERSON 0 shares WITH ----- -------------------------------------------------------- 10 SHARED DISPOSITIVE POWER 4,569,845 shares - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 AGGREGATE AMOUNT BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY EACH REPORTING PERSON 4,569,845 shares - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 CHECK IF THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT IN ROW (11) EXCLUDES CERTAIN SHARES (SEE INSTRUCTIONS) [_] - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13 PERCENT OF CLASS REPRESENTED BY AMOUNT IN ROW (11) 18.8% - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 TYPE OF REPORTING PERSON (SEE INSTRUCTIONS) PN ================================================================================ Page 3 of 22 pages

===================== =================== CUSIP NO. 87611R306 13D PAGE 4 OF 22 PAGES ===================== =================== ================================================================================ 1 NAMES OF REPORTING PERSONS. I.R.S. IDENTIFICATION NOS. OF ABOVE PERSONS (ENTITIES ONLY). Michael James Barrett - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 CHECK THE APPROPRIATE BOX IF A MEMBER OF A GROUP (SEE INSTRUCTIONS)(a)[_] (b)[_] - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 SEC USE ONLY - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 SOURCE OF FUNDS (SEE INSTRUCTIONS) AF - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 CHECK IF DISCLOSURE OF LEGAL PROCEEDINGS IS REQUIRED PURSUANT TO ITEMS 2(d) or 2(e) [_] - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 CITIZENSHIP OR PLACE OF ORGANIZATION United States citizen - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 SOLE VOTING POWER 27,500 shares ----- -------------------------------------------------------- NUMBER OF 8 SHARED VOTING POWER SHARES BENEFICIALLY 4,569,845 shares OWNED BY ----- -------------------------------------------------------- EACH 9 SOLE DISPOSITIVE POWER REPORTING PERSON 2,7500 shares WITH ----- -------------------------------------------------------- 10 SHARED DISPOSITIVE POWER 4,569,845 shares - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 AGGREGATE AMOUNT BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY EACH REPORTING PERSON 4,597,345 shares - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 CHECK IF THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT IN ROW (11) EXCLUDES CERTAIN SHARES (SEE INSTRUCTIONS) [_] - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13 PERCENT OF CLASS REPRESENTED BY AMOUNT IN ROW (11) 18.9% - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 TYPE OF REPORTING PERSON (SEE INSTRUCTIONS) IN ================================================================================ Page 4 of 22 pages

===================== =================== CUSIP NO. 87611R306 13D PAGE 5 OF 22 PAGES ===================== =================== ================================================================================ 1 NAMES OF REPORTING PERSONS. I.R.S. IDENTIFICATION NOS. OF ABOVE PERSONS (ENTITIES ONLY). Peter J. Barris - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 CHECK THE APPROPRIATE BOX IF A MEMBER OF A GROUP (SEE INSTRUCTIONS)(a)[_] (b)[_] - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 SEC USE ONLY - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 SOURCE OF FUNDS (SEE INSTRUCTIONS) AF - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 CHECK IF DISCLOSURE OF LEGAL PROCEEDINGS IS REQUIRED PURSUANT TO ITEMS 2(d) or 2(e) [_] - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 CITIZENSHIP OR PLACE OF ORGANIZATION United States citizen - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 SOLE VOTING POWER 0 shares ----- -------------------------------------------------------- NUMBER OF 8 SHARED VOTING POWER SHARES BENEFICIALLY 4,569,845 shares OWNED BY ----- -------------------------------------------------------- EACH 9 SOLE DISPOSITIVE POWER REPORTING PERSON 0 shares WITH ----- -------------------------------------------------------- 10 SHARED DISPOSITIVE POWER 4,569,845 shares - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 AGGREGATE AMOUNT BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY EACH REPORTING PERSON 4,569,845 shares - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 CHECK IF THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT IN ROW (11) EXCLUDES CERTAIN SHARES (SEE INSTRUCTIONS) [_] - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13 PERCENT OF CLASS REPRESENTED BY AMOUNT IN ROW (11) 18.8% - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 TYPE OF REPORTING PERSON (SEE INSTRUCTIONS) IN ================================================================================ Page 5 of 22 pages

===================== =================== CUSIP NO. 87611R306 13D PAGE 6 OF 22 PAGES ===================== =================== ================================================================================ 1 NAMES OF REPORTING PERSONS. I.R.S. IDENTIFICATION NOS. OF ABOVE PERSONS (ENTITIES ONLY). C. Richard Kramlich - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 CHECK THE APPROPRIATE BOX IF A MEMBER OF A GROUP (SEE INSTRUCTIONS)(a)[_] (b)[_] - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 SEC USE ONLY - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 SOURCE OF FUNDS (SEE INSTRUCTIONS) AF - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 CHECK IF DISCLOSURE OF LEGAL PROCEEDINGS IS REQUIRED PURSUANT TO ITEMS 2(d) or 2(e) [_] - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 CITIZENSHIP OR PLACE OF ORGANIZATION United States citizen - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 SOLE VOTING POWER 0 shares ----- -------------------------------------------------------- NUMBER OF 8 SHARED VOTING POWER SHARES BENEFICIALLY 4,569,845 shares OWNED BY ----- -------------------------------------------------------- EACH 9 SOLE DISPOSITIVE POWER REPORTING PERSON 0 shares WITH ----- -------------------------------------------------------- 10 SHARED DISPOSITIVE POWER 4,569,845 shares - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 AGGREGATE AMOUNT BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY EACH REPORTING PERSON 4,569,845 shares - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 CHECK IF THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT IN ROW (11) EXCLUDES CERTAIN SHARES (SEE INSTRUCTIONS) [_] - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13 PERCENT OF CLASS REPRESENTED BY AMOUNT IN ROW (11) 18.8% - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 TYPE OF REPORTING PERSON (SEE INSTRUCTIONS) IN ================================================================================ Page 6 of 22 pages

===================== =================== CUSIP NO. 87611R306 13D PAGE 7 OF 22 PAGES ===================== =================== ================================================================================ 1 NAMES OF REPORTING PERSONS. I.R.S. IDENTIFICATION NOS. OF ABOVE PERSONS (ENTITIES ONLY). Charles W. Newhall III - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 CHECK THE APPROPRIATE BOX IF A MEMBER OF A GROUP (SEE INSTRUCTIONS)(a)[_] (b)[_] - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 SEC USE ONLY - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 SOURCE OF FUNDS (SEE INSTRUCTIONS) AF - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 CHECK IF DISCLOSURE OF LEGAL PROCEEDINGS IS REQUIRED PURSUANT TO ITEMS 2(d) or 2(e) [_] - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 CITIZENSHIP OR PLACE OF ORGANIZATION United States citizen - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 SOLE VOTING POWER 0 shares ----- -------------------------------------------------------- NUMBER OF 8 SHARED VOTING POWER SHARES BENEFICIALLY 4,569,845 shares OWNED BY ----- -------------------------------------------------------- EACH 9 SOLE DISPOSITIVE POWER REPORTING PERSON 0 shares WITH ----- -------------------------------------------------------- 10 SHARED DISPOSITIVE POWER 4,569,845 shares - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 AGGREGATE AMOUNT BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY EACH REPORTING PERSON 4,569,845 shares - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 CHECK IF THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT IN ROW (11) EXCLUDES CERTAIN SHARES (SEE INSTRUCTIONS) [_] - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13 PERCENT OF CLASS REPRESENTED BY AMOUNT IN ROW (11) 18.8% - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 TYPE OF REPORTING PERSON (SEE INSTRUCTIONS) IN ================================================================================ Page 7 of 22 pages

===================== =================== CUSIP NO. 87611R306 13D PAGE 8 OF 22 PAGES ===================== =================== ================================================================================ 1 NAMES OF REPORTING PERSONS. I.R.S. IDENTIFICATION NOS. OF ABOVE PERSONS (ENTITIES ONLY). Mark W. Perry - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 CHECK THE APPROPRIATE BOX IF A MEMBER OF A GROUP (SEE INSTRUCTIONS)(a)[_] (b)[_] - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 SEC USE ONLY - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 SOURCE OF FUNDS (SEE INSTRUCTIONS) AF - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 CHECK IF DISCLOSURE OF LEGAL PROCEEDINGS IS REQUIRED PURSUANT TO ITEMS 2(d) or 2(e) [_] - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 CITIZENSHIP OR PLACE OF ORGANIZATION United States citizen - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 SOLE VOTING POWER 0 shares ----- -------------------------------------------------------- NUMBER OF 8 SHARED VOTING POWER SHARES BENEFICIALLY 4,569,845 shares OWNED BY ----- -------------------------------------------------------- EACH 9 SOLE DISPOSITIVE POWER REPORTING PERSON 0 shares WITH ----- -------------------------------------------------------- 10 SHARED DISPOSITIVE POWER 4,569,845 shares - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 AGGREGATE AMOUNT BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY EACH REPORTING PERSON 4,569,845 shares - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 CHECK IF THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT IN ROW (11) EXCLUDES CERTAIN SHARES (SEE INSTRUCTIONS) [_] - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13 PERCENT OF CLASS REPRESENTED BY AMOUNT IN ROW (11) 18.8% - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 TYPE OF REPORTING PERSON (SEE INSTRUCTIONS) IN ================================================================================ Page 8 of 22 pages

===================== ================== CUSIP NO. 87611R306 13D PAGE 9 OF 22 PAGES ===================== ================== ================================================================================ 1 NAMES OF REPORTING PERSONS. I.R.S. IDENTIFICATION NOS. OF ABOVE PERSONS (ENTITIES ONLY). Scott D. Sandell - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 CHECK THE APPROPRIATE BOX IF A MEMBER OF A GROUP (SEE INSTRUCTIONS)(a)[_] (b)[_] - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 SEC USE ONLY - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 SOURCE OF FUNDS (SEE INSTRUCTIONS) AF - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 CHECK IF DISCLOSURE OF LEGAL PROCEEDINGS IS REQUIRED PURSUANT TO ITEMS 2(d) or 2(e) [_] - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 CITIZENSHIP OR PLACE OF ORGANIZATION United States citizen - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 SOLE VOTING POWER 0 shares ----- -------------------------------------------------------- NUMBER OF 8 SHARED VOTING POWER SHARES BENEFICIALLY 4,569,845 shares OWNED BY ----- -------------------------------------------------------- EACH 9 SOLE DISPOSITIVE POWER REPORTING PERSON 0 shares WITH ----- -------------------------------------------------------- 10 SHARED DISPOSITIVE POWER 4,569,845 shares - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 AGGREGATE AMOUNT BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY EACH REPORTING PERSON 4,569,845 shares - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 CHECK IF THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT IN ROW (11) EXCLUDES CERTAIN SHARES (SEE INSTRUCTIONS) [_] - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13 PERCENT OF CLASS REPRESENTED BY AMOUNT IN ROW (11) 18.8% - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 TYPE OF REPORTING PERSON (SEE INSTRUCTIONS) IN ================================================================================ Page 9 of 22 pages

===================== =================== CUSIP NO. 87611R306 13D PAGE 10 OF 22 PAGES ===================== =================== ================================================================================ 1 NAMES OF REPORTING PERSONS. I.R.S. IDENTIFICATION NOS. OF ABOVE PERSONS (ENTITIES ONLY). Eugene A. Trainor III - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 CHECK THE APPROPRIATE BOX IF A MEMBER OF A GROUP (SEE INSTRUCTIONS)(a)[_] (b)[_] - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 SEC USE ONLY - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 SOURCE OF FUNDS (SEE INSTRUCTIONS) AF - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 CHECK IF DISCLOSURE OF LEGAL PROCEEDINGS IS REQUIRED PURSUANT TO ITEMS 2(d) or 2(e) [_] - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 CITIZENSHIP OR PLACE OF ORGANIZATION United States citizen - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 SOLE VOTING POWER 0 shares ----- -------------------------------------------------------- NUMBER OF 8 SHARED VOTING POWER SHARES BENEFICIALLY 4,563,512 shares OWNED BY ----- -------------------------------------------------------- EACH 9 SOLE DISPOSITIVE POWER REPORTING PERSON 0 shares WITH ----- -------------------------------------------------------- 10 SHARED DISPOSITIVE POWER 4,563,512 shares - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 AGGREGATE AMOUNT BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY EACH REPORTING PERSON 4,563,512 shares - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 CHECK IF THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT IN ROW (11) EXCLUDES CERTAIN SHARES (SEE INSTRUCTIONS) [_] - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13 PERCENT OF CLASS REPRESENTED BY AMOUNT IN ROW (11) 18.8% - ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 TYPE OF REPORTING PERSON (SEE INSTRUCTIONS) IN ================================================================================ Page 10 of 22 pages

===================== =================== CUSIP NO. 87611R306 13D PAGE 11 OF 22 PAGES ===================== =================== Schedule 13D Item 1. Security and Issuer. ------------------- This statement relates to the Common Stock, $.001 par value (the "Common Stock") of Targacept, Inc. (the "Issuer") having its principal executive office at 200 East First Street, Suite 300, Winston-Salem, NC 27101. Item 2. Identity and Background. ----------------------- This statement is being filed by New Enterprise Associates 10, Limited Partnership ("NEA 10"), NEA Partners 10, Limited Partnership ("NEA Partners 10"), which is the sole general partner of NEA 10, and Michael James Barrett ("Barrett"), Peter J. Barris ("Barris"), C. Richard Kramlich ("Kramlich"), Charles W. Newhall III ("Newhall"), Mark W. Perry ("Perry"), Scott D. Sandell ("Sandell") and Eugene A. Trainor III ("Trainor"), (collectively, the "General Partners"). The General Partners are the individual general partners of NEA Partners 10. NEA 10, NEA Partners 10 and the General Partners are sometimes referred to collectively herein as the "Reporting Persons." The address of the principal business office of NEA 10, NEA Partners 10, Barrett, Barris, Newhall and Trainor is New Enterprise Associates, 1119 St. Paul Street, Baltimore, MD 21202. The address of the principal business office of Kramlich, Perry and Sandell is New Enterprise Associates, 2490 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025. The principal business of NEA 10 is to invest in and assist growth-oriented businesses located principally in the United States. The principal business of NEA Partners 10 is to act as the sole general partner of NEA 10. The principal business of each of the General Partners is to act as a general partner of NEA Partners 10 and a number of affiliated partnerships with similar businesses. During the five years prior to the date hereof, none of the Reporting Persons has been convicted in a criminal proceeding or has been a party to a civil proceeding ending in a judgment, decree or final order enjoining future violations of, or prohibiting or mandating activities subject to, federal or state securities laws or finding any violation with respect to such laws. Each of NEA 10 and NEA Partners 10 is a limited partnership organized under the laws of the State of Delaware. Each of the General Partners is a United States citizen. Item 3. Source and Amount of Funds or Other Consideration. ------------------------------------------------- NEA 10 acquired the 1,300,000 shares of Common Stock from the Issuer for an aggregate purchase price of $9,191,000 on January 17, 2008. No part of the purchase price in the transaction was represented by funds or other consideration borrowed or otherwise obtained for the purpose of acquiring, holding, trading or voting the shares. Item 4. Purpose of Transaction. ---------------------- NEA 10 acquired the Common Stock for investment purposes. Depending on market conditions, its continuing evaluation of the business and prospects of the Issuer and other factors, NEA 10 and other Reporting Persons may dispose of or acquire additional shares of the Issuer. Except as set forth above, none of the Reporting Persons has any present plans which relate to or would result in: (a) The acquisition by any person of additional securities of the Issuer, or the disposition of securities of the Issuer; Page 11 of 22 pages

===================== =================== CUSIP NO. 87611R306 13D PAGE 12 OF 22 PAGES ===================== =================== (b) An extraordinary corporate transaction, such as a merger, reorganization or liquidation, involving the Issuer or any of its subsidiaries; (c) A sale or transfer of a material amount of assets of the Issuer or any of its subsidiaries; (d) Any change in the present board of directors or management of the Issuer, including any plans or proposals to change the number or term of directors or to fill any existing vacancies on the board; (e) Any material change in the present capitalization or dividend policy of the Issuer; (f) Any other material change in the Issuer's business or corporate structure; (g) Changes in the Issuer's charter, bylaws or instruments corresponding thereto or other actions which may impede the acquisition of control of the Issuer by any person; (h) Causing a class of securities of the Issuer to be delisted from a national securities exchange or to cease to be authorized to be quoted in an inter-dealer quotation system of a registered national securities association; (i) A class of equity securities of the Issuer becoming eligible for termination of registration pursuant to Section 12(g)(4) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; or (j) Any action similar to any of those enumerated above. Item 5. Interest in Securities of the Issuer. ------------------------------------ (a) NEA 10 is the record owner of 4,563,512 shares of Common Stock (the "NEA 10 Shares"). As the sole general partner of NEA 10, NEA Partners 10 may be deemed to own beneficially the NEA 10 Shares. As the individual general partners of NEA Partners 10, each of the General Partners also may be deemed to own beneficially the NEA 10 Shares. New Enterprise Associates, Inc. (f/k/a NEA Development Corp.), a Delaware corporation ("NEA, Inc.") is the beneficial owner of 2,000 shares and options to purchase 4,333 shares of Common Stock exercisable within sixty days ("NEA, Inc. Shares") of the Issuer. As members of New Enterprise Associates, LLC ("NEA LLC"), which is the sole owner of NEA, Inc., each of Barrett, Barris, Kramlich, Newhall, Perry and Sandell may also be deemed to beneficially own the NEA, Inc. Shares. Additionally, Barrett holds options to purchase 27,500 shares, which are exercisable within 60 days (the "Barrett Shares"). By virtue of their relationship as affiliated entities, whose controlling entities have overlapping individual controlling persons, each of the Reporting Persons, with the exception of Trainor, may be deemed to beneficially own the NEA 10 Shares and the NEA, Inc. Shares for an aggregate of 4,569,845 shares (the "Firm Shares"). Barrett may be deemed to beneficial own the Firm Shares and the Barrett Shares for a aggregate of 4,597,345 shares. Each of the Reporting Persons may be deemed to own beneficially 18.8% of the Issuer's Common Stock, which percentage is calculated based upon 24,303,419 shares reported to be outstanding in the Issuer's Form 424B2 Prospectus filed January 17, 2008. Each of the Reporting Persons, except NEA 10 and NEA, Inc., disclaims beneficial ownership of the Shares except to the extent of their pecuniary interest therein, if any. Page 12 of 22 pages

===================== =================== CUSIP NO. 87611R306 13D PAGE 13 OF 22 PAGES ===================== =================== Peter T. Morris, who was reported as beneficially owning 3,269,845 shares of the Issuer's Common Stock on the Form SC 13G filed February 13, 2007, has ceased to own beneficially five percent (5%) or more of the Issuer's outstanding Common Stock. (b) Regarding the number of shares as to which such person has: (i) sole power to vote or to direct the vote: See line 7 of cover sheets. (ii) shared power to vote or to direct the vote: See line 8 of cover sheets. (iii) sole power to dispose or to direct the disposition: See line 9 of cover sheets. (iv) shared power to dispose or to direct the disposition: See line 10 of cover sheets. (c) Except as set forth in Item 3 above, none of the Reporting Persons has effected any transaction in the Common Stock during the last 60 days. (d) No other person is known to have the right to receive or the power to direct the receipt of dividends from, or any proceeds from the sale of, Shares beneficially owned by any of the Reporting Persons. (e) Not Applicable. Item 6. Contracts, Arrangements, Undertakings or Relationships with Respect ------------------------------------------------------------------- to Securities of the Issuer. --------------------------- Not applicable. Item 7. Material to be Filed as Exhibits. -------------------------------- Exhibit 1 - Agreement regarding filing of joint Schedule 13D. Exhibit 2 - Powers of Attorney regarding Schedule 13D filings. Page 13 of 22 pages

===================== =================== CUSIP NO. 87611R306 13D PAGE 14 OF 22 PAGES ===================== =================== SIGNATURE --------- After reasonable inquiry and to the best of its knowledge and belief, each of the undersigned certifies that the information set forth in this statement is true, complete and correct. Date: January 28, 2008 NEW ENTERPRISE ASSOCIATES 10, LIMITED PARTNERSHIP By: NEA PARTNERS 10, LIMITED PARTNERSHIP General Partner By: * ------------------------------------ Charles W. Newhall III General Partner NEA PARTNERS 10, LIMITED PARTNERSHIP By: * ------------------------------------ Charles W. Newhall III General Partner * - ---------------------------------- Michael James Barrett * - ---------------------------------- Peter J. Barris * - ---------------------------------- C. Richard Kramlich * - ---------------------------------- Charles W. Newhall III * - ---------------------------------- Mark W. Perry Page 14 of 22 pages

===================== =================== CUSIP NO. 87611R306 13D PAGE 15 OF 22 PAGES ===================== =================== * - ---------------------------------- Scott D. Sandell * - ---------------------------------- Eugene A. Trainor III */s/ Louis S. Citron ----------------------------------- Louis S. Citron As attorney-in-fact This Schedule 13D was executed by Louis S. Citron on behalf of the individuals listed above pursuant to Powers of Attorney, copies of which are attached as Exhibit 2. Page 15 of 22 pages

===================== =================== CUSIP NO. 87611R306 13D PAGE 16 OF 22 PAGES ===================== =================== EXHIBIT 1 --------- AGREEMENT Pursuant to Rule 13d-1(k)(1) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the undersigned hereby agree that only one statement containing the information required by Schedule 13D need be filed with respect to the ownership by each of the undersigned of shares of stock of Targacept, Inc. EXECUTED this 28th day of January, 2008. NEW ENTERPRISE ASSOCIATES 10, LIMITED PARTNERSHIP By: NEA PARTNERS 10, LIMITED PARTNERSHIP General Partner By: */s/ Louis S. Citron ------------------------------------ Charles W. Newhall III General Partner NEA PARTNERS 10, LIMITED PARTNERSHIP By: */s/ Louis S. Citron ------------------------------------ Charles W. Newhall III General Partner */s/ Louis S. Citron - ---------------------------------- Michael James Barrett */s/ Louis S. Citron - ---------------------------------- Peter J. Barris * - ---------------------------------- C. Richard Kramlich */s/ Louis S. Citron - ---------------------------------- Charles W. Newhall III Page 16 of 22 pages

===================== =================== CUSIP NO. 87611R306 13D PAGE 17 OF 22 PAGES ===================== =================== */s/ Louis S. Citron - ---------------------------------- Mark W. Perry */s/ Louis S. Citron - ---------------------------------- Scott D. Sandell */s/ Louis S. Citron - ---------------------------------- Eugene A. Trainor III */s/ Louis S. Citron ----------------------------------- Louis S. Citron As attorney-in-fact This Agreement relating to Schedule 13D was executed by Louis S. Citron on behalf of the individuals listed above pursuant to Powers of Attorney, copies of which are attached hereto as Exhibit 2. Page 17 of 22 pages

===================== =================== CUSIP NO. 87611R306 13D PAGE 18 OF 22 PAGES ===================== =================== EXHIBIT 2 --------- KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Nancy L. Dorman, Charles W. Newhall III, Louis S. Citron and Eugene A. Trainor III, and each of them, with full power to act without the others, his true and lawful attorney-in-fact, with full power of substitution, to sign any and all instruments, certificates and documents that may be necessary, desirable or appropriate to be executed on behalf of himself as an individual or in his capacity as a general partner of any partnership, pursuant to section 13 or 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and any and all regulations promulgated thereunder, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and any other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and with any other entity when and if such is mandated by the Exchange Act or by the By-laws of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc., granting unto said attorney-in-fact full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing necessary, desirable or appropriate, fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, thereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact, or his substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Power of Attorney has been signed as of the 1st day of January, 2001. /s/ Stewart Alsop II -------------------------------- Stewart Alsop II /s/ Peter J. Barris -------------------------------- Peter J. Barris /s/ Nancy L. Dorman -------------------------------- Nancy L. Dorman /s/ Ronald Kase -------------------------------- Ronald Kase /s/ C. Richard Kramlich -------------------------------- C. Richard Kramlich /s/ Arthur J. Marks -------------------------------- Arthur J. Marks /s/ Thomas C. McConnell -------------------------------- Thomas C. McConnell /s/ Peter T. Morris -------------------------------- Peter T. Morris Page 18 of 22 pages

===================== =================== CUSIP NO. 87611R306 13D PAGE 19 OF 22 PAGES ===================== =================== /s/ John M. Nehra -------------------------------- John M. Nehra /s/ Charles W. Newhall III -------------------------------- Charles W. Newhall III /s/ Mark W. Perry -------------------------------- Mark W. Perry /s/ Scott D. Sandell -------------------------------- Scott D. Sandell Page 19 of 22 pages

===================== =================== CUSIP NO. 87611R306 13D PAGE 20 OF 22 PAGES ===================== =================== POWER OF ATTORNEY KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Nancy L. Dorman, Charles W. Newhall III, Louis S. Citron and Eugene A. Trainor III, and each of them, with full power to act without the others, his true and lawful attorney-in-fact, with full power of substitution, to sign any and all instruments, certificates and documents that may be necessary, desirable or appropriate to be executed on behalf of himself as an individual or in his capacity as a general partner of any partnership, pursuant to section 13 or 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and any and all regulations promulgated thereunder, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and any other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and with any other entity when and if such is mandated by the Exchange Act or by the By-laws of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc., granting unto said attorney-in-fact full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing necessary, desirable or appropriate, fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, thereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact, or his substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Power of Attorney has been signed as of the 19th day of October, 2001. /s/ Michael James Barrett -------------------------------- Michael James Barrett Page 21 of 22 pages

===================== =================== CUSIP NO. 87611R306 13D PAGE 22 OF 22 PAGES ===================== =================== POWER OF ATTORNEY KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that the person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Nancy L. Dorman, Charles W. Newhall III and Louis S. Citron, and each of them, with full power to act without the others, his true and lawful attorney-in-fact, with full power of substitution, to sign any and all instruments, certificates and documents that may be necessary, desirable or appropriate to be executed on behalf of himself as an individual or in his capacity as a general partner of any partnership, pursuant to section 13 or 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and any and all regulations promulgated thereunder, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and any other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and with any other entity when and if such is mandated by the Exchange Act or by the By-laws of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc., granting unto said attorney-in-fact full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing necessary, desirable or appropriate, fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, thereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact, or his substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Power of Attorney has been signed as of the 21st day of April, 2002. /s/ Eugene A. Trainor III -------------------------------- Eugene A. Trainor III Page 22 of 22 pages